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Alfândega da Fé ((:aɫˈfɐ̃dɨɣɐ ðɐ ˈfɛ)) is a municipality in northeast Portugal. The population in 2011 was 5,104,〔(Instituto Nacional de Estatística )〕 in an area of 321.95 km².〔(Direção-Geral do Território )〕 ==History== Early archaeological sites, such as Castro hill fort settlements, can be found scattered throughout the municipality. The municipality has an origin that comes from mixed Moorish influences and Christian faith. ''Alfandagh'', the Arabic term for this region, which means ''hospice'', ''castle'' or ''frontier'', or literally ''"a place of calm hospitality populated by peaceful or hard-working peoples"''. In a published work of João Manuel d’Almeida Moraes Pessanha: :''"Alfândega, public hospice, market likely, like the Kahn's Orient...It is a village of Arab foundation, in likely the 8th century; The Arabs maintained their nomadic lifestyle. Charmed by the conquest of Spain, they immediately molded the country according to their use and customs: a soil that many liked, a land that, many said was similar to Syria in its climate and purity of its atmosphere, or Yemen in its fertility, in India its flowers and aromas, Hedjaz in its products, and in Aden in its ports and coasts."''〔 There are historical convictions that Alfândega, during Moorish occupation, was an administrative seat of some importance to a region referred to as ''Valiato de Aldandica''.〔 The conquest by Asturian Christians was to have likely resulted in the expulsion of the Moors, and the extension of its name with ''Fé'' ((英語:faith)).〔 Some suggest that the settlement was the seat of an ancient order that pre-dated the Templars, that was referred to as the ''Ordem dos Cavaleiros das Esporas Douradas'' ((ポルトガル語:Order of the Knights of the Golden Spurs)).〔 Legend suggests that these Templar Knights were responsible for liberating the lands, known as the ''Tributo das Donzelas''.〔 The first foral was attributed on 8 May 1294, by King Dinis of Portugal, in a document that first defined the geographic limits of the municipality. On 17 September 1295, the monarch conceded a market charter, similar to one established for Covilhã (a new market charter was later passed by King John of Portugal on 13 January 1410). King Dinis then ordered the re-construction of the Moorish castle (yet, over time, the structure fell into ruins and its remains eventually disappeared).〔 A 1530 census found the structure in ruins. The town's landmarks are considered the remains of the Moorish influences in the town, for example the clock tower ''Torre do Relógio''. ''Tombo dos Bens do Concelho'' (1766) makes references to Moorish influences.〔 In 1385, King John forced the residents of Alfândega da Fé to rebuild the ''Torre de Moncorvo'', probably an effort to gain the community's support of the Kingdom of Castelo during the Interregum (1383–1385). The king visited Alfândega in order to evaluate the Torre de Moncorvo, while travelling to Bragança.〔 In 1510, Manuel I of Portugal established a new foral that redefined and expanded the limits of the municipality.〔 The 1530 census noted that the castle was already ''"derrubado e malbaratado"'' (''in ruins and of little value''), and the 1766 assessments of the municipality identified that "the ancient walls" near the Clock Tower were located in a zone identified as "the castle", referring to the medieval castle.〔 Historical records from this period until the 18th century are rare, and it is known that there were few inhabitants during these eras (less than 100 houses by one source).〔 Yet in the second half of the 18th century, the population had grown considerably, in part due to the export of 1.72 tons of silk (by the 19th century).〔 On 24 October 1855, the municipality was abolished, and its parishes were incorporated into the municipalities of Moncorvo, Vila Flor, Macedo de Cavaleiros and Mogadouro.〔 The municipality was subsequently restored by January 1898.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Alfândega da Fé」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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